Ally

It determines whether a reference is absolute or relative

A1 is totally relative. That is if you copy it down one cell and across one
to the right it will change to B2

$A$1 is totally absolute, wherever you move it it will always be $A$1

SA1 is column absolute and row relative so if copied as in the first example
it would be $A2

A$1 is column relative and row absolute so if copied as firts example will
be B$1

Look up absolute and relative references in help

--
HTH
Nick Hodge
Microsoft MVP - Excel
Southampton, England
DTHIS
web: www.nickhodge.co.uk
blog (non-tech): www.nickhodge.co.uk/blog/

"ally" wrote in message
...

Not really a response, but it's a pity Excel (and nearly all other software)
no longer comes with effective (if any) tutorials.