One way that you could do this without delving into the depths of VBA
is by using the SOLVER add-in.

For each food relate all other "properties" to it's weight - if cell
B2 is "Chicken Breast" and C2 is "Weight" (= 1oz) then D2 (say) is
Protein (=C2*9). All other properties would need to be similarly
related. All foods would need to be 'Calibrated' against 1 oz.

To increase all values to match Protein =25 run Solver with a Target
Cell of $D$2, To Equal a Value of 25 by Changing Cells $C$2. Because
all other cells are related to C2 when Solver finds the solution for
Protein all of the other values for that food will be updated.

For this to work the Solver add-in must be on your machine and it must
also be enabled - tick the Solver add-in box under <tools<add-ins.

All of this of course could be achieved using VBA but if you just want
a quick and easy solution ....