I found that instead of inserting 24000+ rows in one operation, i split the
operation and tried with a smaller amount of data. This resulted in the
following behavior:

inserting the data at 1000 rows at a time, the exception occured after some
3000+ inserted rows.
inserting the data at 200 rows at a time, the exception occured after some
2300+ rows inserted.
inserting the data at 150 rows at a time, the exception occured after some
1900+ rows inserted.
inserting the data at 140 rows at a time, the exception occured after some
1900+ rows inserted.
inserting the data at 127 or 128 rows at a time, the exception did not occur.

So it might look like there is som kind of 7bit (127 or 128 with offset 1)
constraint/error, that when adding large amount of data makes Excel throw
exceptions. I managed to create a workaround, but i cant figure out why it
was made this way in the first place.

I have only tried inserting one specific dataset, so it could also be
something with the total amount of bytes inserted at a time, and a
coincidence with the 127/128 limit.