I have two columns - one lists the city; the other lists other criteria; like
colours (green/red, etc).
I want to be able to count the number of 'Red' values in the second column
only if the value in the first column is, say, "Toronto".

So, countif (A1:A1500,"Toronto" AND IF B1:B1500, "Red")
The result might be that there are 500 occurences of "Toronto" but of those,
only 240 are associated with "Red" in the second column. Can you help?