I don't know how many colors you have and if they need to be dynamic,
but here's a simple macro:

Sub FindColorCells()
Dim ColorRange As String, Cell As Variant, ColorNumber As Long,
BlankCells As Integer, NonBlankCells As Integer

ColorRange = "A1:A10" 'Your Range
ColorNumber = 65535 'Your color (This is yellow)

For Each Cell In Range(ColorRange)
If Cell.Interior.Color = ColorNumber Then
If Cell.Value = vbNullString Then
BlankCells = BlankCells + 1
Else
NonBlankCells = NonBlankCells + 1
End If

End If
Next Cell

'The results of your macro
MsgBox "There were " & BlankCells & " blank cells and " &
NonBlankCells & " non blank cells in your range"

End Sub