Help with creating an Excel equation similar to a database
 

I am trying to creat an equation so that when i scan in a certain barcode
number, it will be automatically associated with a name. For instance, when I
scan in the barcode for the number 77445, it will be automatically associated
with a name, such as John Smith. I will have 300+ names. Each name has a
number already associated with it. Now, when I scan that barcode in again, a
tally will be created. That way I will know how many times that barcode, or
name, has been scaned in. This will be used to create an attendance list. Is
this possible in excel, or do I need a specialized database for this?